By the 1960s, three such systems emerged as Despite significant... • Communication Each actor must believe their opponent possesses nuclear weapons to inhibit hostile action, not undertake it. �kA��F7I�y͆+�{ኽ� ��J�k%JN]�m�d㥴D����
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Deterrence, military strategy under which one power uses the threat of reprisal effectively to preclude an attack from an adversary power. To make its threat convincing, the United States during the 1950s developed
There are five assumptions of deterrence theory: 1. The United States adopted nuclear deterrence, the credible threat of retaliation to forestall enemy attack.
Any one of the three alone was powerful enough to deter attack. By the late 1950s the Soviet Union had built up a convincing nuclear arsenal that could be delivered on the territory of the United States and Western Europe.
Academy. The Declining Role of Deterrence. Nuclear deterrence has been a central element of American security policy since the Cold War began. The first factor is the Cold War. V�6���!cjn8�j�[;�%pZΎ���sܹ�0G�:R��[X�ؿC[j�A`���*(s�j)���5|�&��%H7 #g��g��ݑ|飭�5��Uv-�M�B���>��:M�(��t�l�����ڣ�NiK�����I�_i]h�k?�`��N��%Hvr�� �y���1|�VM��Y��ð�!D���ě�&��QMU*� 145 0 obj
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Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....defense economics: Defense expenditure: the cost of deterrenceAs war is expensive, countries aim to avoid its costs and remain independent within sovereign borders. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Each actor must make similar calculations about what can be gained or lost through use of nuclear weapons.
Understanding deterrence and its place in the broader menu of strategic “ways” helps us see how the relative importance of each way has changed over time. During the Cold War, direct deterrence involved discouraging a Soviet nuclear attack on U.S, territory; extended deterrence involved preventing a Soviet conventional attack on North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members.9 For obvious reasons, extended deterrence is more challenging than direct deterrence. and scholars of all political persuasions have enrolled as members, participated The second factor is the war unleashed by Bush on international terrorism in Iraq, Afghanistan and elsewhere in the Middle East over the events of September 11, 2001 in the United States. �(�5Z=�W^�䌤��wi���&X�v�9:�}��f�v��h,�w�+t>q��Ѵ$ ���\��F��*����V��" �a���^wR0qS�⧥x��(�'�*�h+�G-��t�S�(m_�iz�x^��'i�.��@��P��Jų LEF/j�n"H���! Robust military capability is another indispensable element of credible deterrence. With the existential threat posed by the Soviet Union gone, the Alliance’s unity and solidarity have not been... • Capability Legacies of the cold war ‘strategic nuclear deterrence’ still remain. For a time after World War II, America held the upper hand with regards to nuclear superiority. ;X�k As a courtesy of strategic deterrence, a nuclear war has been successfully averted but that does not seem to have a case as far as new wars are concerned. To browse and search through issues published in the last five years, please visit http://www.psqonline.org. ��[�"^^! The premise of the strategy is that each nuclear power maintains a high level of instant and overwhelming … In the absence of a universally binding...As war is expensive, countries aim to avoid its costs and remain independent within sovereign borders. • Cohesion ?�O�9�a��3h�:�a$.��H)(jO��n��Y#"�
�s�L��b�S~r���N�çw@�T.�2�=�0yF��#���jKOK�ێI�Z�T� Richard Ned Lebow and Janice Gross Stein It further examines the significance of these findings for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. Nuclear Deterrence For a time after World War II, America held the upper hand with regards to nuclear superiority. 5. @�o� 2. Other issues that were addressed in the vast literature of…
Published since 1886, The Political Science Quarterly is the oldest and most widely