Gregor Johann Mendel was a scientist who is recognized as the Father and Founder of genetics. The principles that govern heredity were discovered by a monk named Gregor Mendel in the 1860s. Color blindness is transmitted by the recessive allele linked to the X chromosome, therefore if a man inherits an X chromosome that presents this recessive allele, it will be color blind.
Hence, the term of Mendelian inheritance arises. The offspring were important, since it was necessary to carry out many experiments in order to formulate their laws.
- colour blindness : it is a genetic alteration that makes the colors can not be distinguished. So how could Mendel control the offspring of the plants?
This law states that during the formation of the gamete, the alleles of one character will segregate independently of the other character. One plant had round yellow seeds, while the the other had wrinkled green seeds.
There were three main steps for Mendel's experiments: 1-By self-fertilization produced a generation of pure plants (homozygotes).
However, the chromosomes do separate independently during the meiosis . After studying, Mendel returned to the monastery and it was ther… This is the dominant gene, while the gene whose effect is masked is known as the recessive gene. He was born on July 22, 1822, and it is said that from an early age he was in direct contact with nature, a situation that made him interested in botany. It is necessary to know the family history, since with them you can collect the necessary information about a particular trait.
He also chose them because of the great variety that existed, that is, those of green peas, those of yellow peas, those of round pods, among others.
Specifically, in the second of the two cell divisions of meiosis the two copies of each chromosome will be separated from each other, causing the two distinct alleles located on those chromosomes to segregate from one another.Mendel's third law, the law of independent assortment, states that the way an allele pair gets segregated into two daughter cells during the second division of meiosis has no effect on how any other allele pair gets segregated. Mendel conducted many experiments on the pea plant (Pisum sativum) between 1856 and 1863. This is due to the dominance of some characters, a simple copy of these is enough to mask the effect of a recessive character. Earlier, we looked at 2 plants differing in just one character. Variant copies of genes are called alleles, and since plants and animals are diploid they have two alleles for each gene.A dominant trait is a trait whose appearance will always be seen in offspring. In other words, dominance describes the relationship between two alleles.
It states that when there are 2 different alleles in a cell, one will mask the effect of the other. Pea plants can finish one life cycle pretty quickly, so it was the perfect plant to use in order to observe a number of generations. Traits are alphabetically depicted by the first letter of the dominant allele.This law states that during the formation of the gamete or reproductive cell, the genes will segregate, without any mixing or blending of their effects. During sexual reproduction two gametes, called the egg and sperm, join together and form a diploid cell that will eventually become an individual organism.
These results can be shown in a diagram called the Punnett square. They can be applied not only to plants, but to all living organisms. Mendel's second law, the law of segregation, states that these two alleles will be separated from each other during meiosis.
Similarly, it was he who established the use of the capital letter for the dominant alleles and the lower case for the recessive alleles. There are four main concepts related to this principle: The procedure consisted of cutting the stamens (male organs of the flowers, which contain the pollen sacs, that is, those that produce the pollen) of the flowers of the first plant (called BB) and sprinkle the pollen from the second plant in the pistil (female organ of flowers, which is in the center of it) of the first. From these experiments, he induced two generalizations which later became known as Mendel's Principles of Heredity or Mendelia…
This principle was first observed while analyzing the meiosis process by Gregor Mendel, who later went on to propose the three laws of inheritance. Here the purple color is the dominant gene that is shown with an"M"and the white is the recessive gene that is shown with a"b".
In other words, the traits inherited through one gene will be inherited independently of the traits inherited through another gene because the genes reside on different chromosomes that are independently assorted into daughter cells during meiosis. Mendel's third law is also known as the law of independent separation. This simply observes the inheritance pattern of one character. After studying, Mendel returned to the monastery and it was there where he conducted the experiments that allowed him to formulate the so-called Mendel's Laws.