He knew he could entrust the ship in Captain Otto Sverdrup's safekeeping and the crew had enough provi­sions of every kind to last them for years.

He negotiated with the authorities in country after country, reasoning and persuading; he succeeded in carrying out arrangements under a nerve-racking, never-ending struggle to awaken the world's conscience.

In reality he longed for the Arctic Ocean and the free, wild life of the North. This was the longest, most costly and most difficult transportation route and the American support was very effective.

A short time later the Soviet authorities themselves declared large parts of the Volga region an area of famine. Herbert Hoover, who in March 1921 had been appointed Minister of Commerce in the USA, declined the invitation. But the 27-year old zoologist had made up his mind and submitted an application to the University for economic support. The bear that had been momentarily distracted by the dogs strode over Johansen and struck out against the dogs with his huge paw, sending them rolling and howling across the ice. Fridtjof Nansen's plans for his research work were made early and his first dis­sertation to be presented was highly praised by the experts. At the same time it was a great inspiration that the people enthusiastically supported his work. It was a dis­appointment to Nansen that he was not granted any money for the expedition but great was his delight when he was offered 5 000 kr from the Danish Councillor of State in Copenhagen, August Gamél.Fridtjof Nansen and the five members of his expedition were faced with great difficulties and troublesome delays, caused by adverse weather and ice conditions on the sea and land around the East coast, and the ascent of the glacier could not begin until the 15th August 1888. It would then be able to remain relatively stable, until the flow of the ice had carried it into warmer waters.When this plan was presented it was met with numerous objections.

One of those who were impressed by him was the singer Eva Sars. Eva's mother, Maren Sars, formerly Welhaven, was sister of the famous Norwegian poet Johan Sebastian Welhaven. The Nansen family had restricted economic resources which gave cause for continu­ous anxiety in relation to financing the children's education. I have done the same; but I have also changed my under-pants and put on the others which I had wrung out in warm water. Under the leadership of naval officers, onslaughts into the icy wastes were launched which were more comparable to military campaigns than to research expeditions. It was as if he was called by time to answer the challenges which lay in wait for him.In the years of his youth a widespread appreciation for nature developed in Norway - the mountain kingdom was dis­covered once and for all. To begin with there were negative attitudes from many quarters but the USA supported Nansen's plans and undertook the responsibility for the repatriation of the pri­soners to and from Vladivostok. Finally on the 14th of March they left the Fram at 84° 4' N in a temperature of -32 °C and turned their course northwards. As one of his country's leading citizens, in 1905 Nansen spoke out for the In the final decade of his life, Nansen devoted himself primarily to the Baldur was a lawyer without ambitions for public life, who became Reporter to the Store Frøen's rural surroundings shaped the nature of Nansen's childhood.

Nansen and his men received an enthusiastic welcome in Denmark and Norway when they arrived with the first boat in the spring of 1889, and their safe return was celebrated widely in many other countries.Women were attracted to Fridtjof Nansen. Altogether 44 countries received refugees from Turkey after earnest appeals from Fridtjof Nansen. It was, therefore, inappropriate that famine raged in the rural districts at the same time.On the 10th of December 1922 Fridtjof Nansen was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his humanitarian work.



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